Fysisk egenskaber af aluminium

Materiale struktur
Det perifert elektronisk konfiguration af aluminium atomer 3s ² 3p ¹, It ofte vises som plus 3 oxidation tilstand i forbindelser. Det aluminium atom har en tom 3d orbital, og kan form en stabil kompleks med den Koordination tal tal af 6 eller 4 med elektronen parret donor. Hvis an aluminium atom taber to 3s elektroner og en 3p elektron samtidigt, it genererer a trivalent aluminium ion (Al ³ Å); If en 3s elektron og en 3p elektron er tabt, a divalent aluminium ion (Al) is genereret ² Å); If en 3p elektron is tabt, monovalent aluminium ioner (Al plus ) er genereret, og lav valent aluminium ioner er normalt ustabil ved ved lave temperaturer % 5b6].
Det gitter af aluminium tilhører det ansigtet centreret kubisk type. Aluminium atomer (aluminium ioner) er er placeret ved knudepunkterne af gitteret og at centrum af overfladen, som er ækvivalent til har 4 aluminium atomer i i hver gitter.
Basic fysisk egenskaber
Aluminium is a silver Light metal. It has extensibility. Products are often made into columns, rods, sheets, foils, powders, ribbons, and filaments. Melting point 660 degree . Boiling point 2327 degree . The relative density is 2.70, and the density of aluminum liquid is 2.303 g/cm ³. The elastic modulus is 70Gpa, and the Poisson's ratio is 0.33. The conductivity of aluminum is about 60 percent of that of copper. If measured by unit mass, the conductivity of aluminum exceeds that of copper, and it often replaces copper in long-distance transmission. It is widely used for its lightweight, good conductivity and thermal conductivity, high reflectivity, and oxidation resistance. Aluminum used for daily household utensils is usually referred to as "steel grade" or "steel grade". The thermal expansion coefficient of Al at 25 degree (room temperature) is 0.0000236mm/ degree or 23.6ppm · k-1